What are the main functions of acid-base storage tanks
The core function of acid-base storage tanks is to safely and stably store various acid and alkali media (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), while also taking into account "medium protection, environmental protection, and convenient operation and maintenance", ensuring that there is no leakage, corrosion, or medium deterioration during the stora
The core function of acid-base storage tanks is to safely and stably store various acid and alkali media (such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.), while also taking into account "medium protection, environmental protection, and convenient operation and maintenance", ensuring that there is no leakage, corrosion, or medium deterioration during the storage cycle, providing reliable raw material/waste liquid storage guarantee for the production processes of chemical, environmental protection, pharmaceutical and other industries. The specific functions can be decomposed into the following four core dimensions:
1、 Basic core: secure storage, isolation of media from external risks
Acid and alkali media often have strong corrosiveness, volatility, toxicity (partially), and even react easily with water/air (such as concentrated sulfuric acid releasing heat when in contact with water, and concentrated hydrochloric acid evaporating to produce hydrogen chloride gas). The primary function of acid and alkali storage tanks is to achieve safe isolation between the media and the outside world through "material adaptation+sealing design":
1. Prevent leakage and prevent medium overflow
The storage tank body (tank body, head, interface) is made of acid and alkali resistant materials (such as polyethylene PE, polypropylene PP, fiberglass FRP, 316L stainless steel, etc., selected according to the medium concentration/temperature, such as PE tank for concentrated hydrochloric acid and fiberglass tank for high temperature strong alkali), and the welding/splicing joints need to be "seamless" (such as PE tank using hot melt welding, fiberglass tank using winding forming) to ensure that the tank body has no cracks and the interface has no leakage; Simultaneously equipped with a sealing cover/breathing valve (such as a sealing cover with polytetrafluoroethylene sealing gasket for volatile acid tanks to prevent acid mist leakage; a breathing valve is installed for negative pressure tanks to balance the pressure inside the tank and prevent tank deformation), to eliminate the risk of medium leakage caused by volatilization and pressure fluctuations.
2. Corrosion prevention and protection of tank structure
Based on the corrosion characteristics of different acids and bases, "correct material matching" is used to resist medium erosion - for example, storing 98% concentrated sulfuric acid in carbon steel tanks (concentrated sulfuric acid will form a passive film on the surface of carbon steel to prevent further corrosion), storing dilute sulfuric acid requires PE or fiberglass tanks (dilute sulfuric acid will continue to corrode carbon steel); Some high concentration and high-temperature acid-base tanks (such as sodium hydroxide solution tanks above 100 ℃) will also be equipped with "anti-corrosion lining" (such as polytetrafluoroethylene lining) on the inner wall of the tank to further enhance its anti-corrosion ability and ensure that the tank body is not penetrated by medium corrosion during long-term use (usually with a lifespan of 5-10 years).
2、 Media protection: maintain the purity and stability of acid-base media
Some production processes have high requirements for the concentration and purity of acid-base media (such as high-purity hydrochloric acid for the electronics industry and food grade sodium hydroxide for the pharmaceutical industry), and acid-base storage tanks need to be specially designed to avoid "contamination, concentration changes, or deterioration" of the media:
1. Prevent pollution and ensure the purity of the medium
The inner wall of the storage tank should be smooth and free of impurities (such as mirror polishing the inner wall of the PE tank to avoid residual impurity adsorption), and the components in contact with the medium (such as the feed pipe, discharge pipe, and liquid level gauge interface) should be consistent with the material of the tank body (such as PE tank with PE pipeline to avoid contamination of the medium by dissolved substances caused by contact between different materials); If storing food grade/pharmaceutical grade acid and alkali, the storage tank must comply with hygiene standards (such as GB 4806 series), and undergo a "cleanliness test" before leaving the factory to eliminate impurities such as oil stains and metal ions.
2. Temperature/humidity control, stable medium concentration
For acids and bases that are prone to moisture absorption or volatilization (such as sodium hydroxide being prone to moisture absorption and clumping, and concentrated nitric acid being prone to volatilization leading to a decrease in concentration), storage tanks should be equipped with temperature control/moisture-proof accessories: for example, tanks storing sodium hydroxide should be equipped with an "insulation layer" (to prevent environmental moisture from entering the tank), and tanks storing concentrated nitric acid should be equipped with a "cooling jacket" (to control the temperature inside the tank to ≤ 30 ℃ and reduce volatilization); In some high-precision scenarios, "concentration monitoring probes" will also be installed inside the tank to monitor changes in medium concentration in real time, avoiding the impact of concentration fluctuations on subsequent production.
3、 Environmental protection: Avoiding harm to the surrounding environment and personnel
If acidic or alkaline media leaks or evaporates, it can easily cause soil pollution, air pollution, and even endanger personnel safety. Acid and alkaline storage tanks need to be designed with "risk prevention and control" to reduce their impact on the environment
1. Collect leaks to prevent soil/water pollution
An anti leakage cofferdam (or tray) should be installed on the outside of the storage tank - the height of the cofferdam is usually ≥ 30cm, and the volume is ≥ 1.2 times the total volume of the storage tank (to ensure that even if the tank leaks completely, the medium can be collected by the cofferdam and does not seep into the soil); The material of the cofferdam should also be resistant to acid and alkali (such as concrete coated with anti-corrosion coatings, PE material trays) to avoid corrosion and damage by leaked media.
2. Process volatile gases to reduce air pollution
For highly volatile acids and bases (such as concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated ammonia water), the storage tank needs to be connected to a tail gas absorption system: for example, the volatile acid mist from the concentrated hydrochloric acid tank is introduced into the "alkali absorption tower" through a pipeline (neutralizing hydrogen chloride gas with sodium hydroxide solution), and the volatile ammonia gas from the concentrated ammonia water tank is introduced into the "acid absorption tower" (neutralizing with sulfuric acid solution). The treated tail gas must meet the emission standards (such as GB 16297) before being discharged to avoid irritating the respiratory tract of personnel or corroding surrounding equipment with acid mist/alkali mist.
4、 Operation and maintenance assistance: convenient management adapted to production processes
Acid alkali storage tanks need to balance "convenient access, real-time monitoring, and efficient maintenance" to provide support for the production process and avoid affecting efficiency due to storage links
1. Convenient material input and output, adapted to production rhythm
A "discharge port" (equipped with acid and alkali resistant valves, such as polytetrafluoroethylene valves) should be installed at the bottom or side of the tank body to facilitate the transportation of the medium to the production line through the pump body; Set up a "feeding port" at the top (with a filtering device to prevent impurities from entering during feeding), and reserve a "sampling port" in the inlet and outlet pipelines for regular detection of medium concentration; Some large storage tanks will also be equipped with "stirring devices" (such as stirring to prevent medium stratification when storing easily precipitated acid-base solutions).
2. Real time monitoring to grasp the storage status
The tank will be equipped with level gauges (such as magnetic flap level gauges, radar level gauges, anti-corrosion type to avoid direct contact with the medium), which can display the remaining medium in the tank in real time to prevent "insufficient feeding of empty tank" or "overflow of full tank"; Simultaneously equipped with "pressure gauges" (for sealed tanks) and "thermometers" (for media that require temperature control), data can be connected to the central control system for remote monitoring, reducing the frequency of manual inspections.
3. Easy to maintain, reducing operation and maintenance costs
The design of the storage tank needs to reserve a "maintenance port" (such as a top manhole for personnel to enter and clean residual materials inside the tank), and an external "ladder+platform" should be set up (for easy inspection of the appearance of the tank and replacement of accessories); In terms of material selection, priority should be given to "low maintenance materials" (for example, PE tanks do not need to be painted with anti-corrosion paint regularly, and FRP tanks have strong aging resistance), so as to reduce the labor and material costs of daily maintenance.
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